For the past few years, everytime I took over a new facility, one of the first things I did was to distribute my BASICS MEMO to each and every employee and go through it with them in my first inservice.  Then, every new hire orientation had time set aside for me to personally sit down with new team members and go over the basics with them, too.  

The BASICS MEMO was compiled after having to troubleshoot many facilities and seeing the same common issues cropping up or the same survey deficiencies being cited over the same problems.  It all boiled down to not following the basic standards of long term care.

The BASICS MEMO (which is most likely the longest memo you’ll ever receive with 115 clearly communicated standards of expectation outlined) clearly identifies exactly what I expect from my staff members on a daily basis – the minimum requirements.  I wrote it in an easy-to-understand form so that there’s no miscommunication.  I would go so far as to say that taking the basic standards that I want to see in place everyday, putting them in a format the staff can understand, and making every staff member knowledgeable and accountable for them is the most important element of my success in the past 10 years.  It is absolutely critical that you communicate to your staff what is expected of them and back it up in writing.

The contents of the BASICS MEMO are not new concepts.  These are the basics that should have been in place since Day 1.  Oddly enough, most of these basics are not usually found in your facility’s policy and procedure manuals.  They’re not usually found on job descriptions.  These are things we expect our staff to know, but we hardly ever teach.  I remedied that.  I no longer just assume that my staff know the basics.  I ensure they do.

I’ve used the BASICS MEMO in turnaround situations with facilities suffering from disastrous surveys, to facilities with years of mismanagement, to facilities that ran smoothly and just needed someone to hang their Administrator license.  It doesn’t matter.  It works for all nursing homes and has information every employee needs to hear.  I typically make copies for everyone and then put a copy by the timeclock for good measure.  If I walk into a room and see double-padding on a bed, I simply ask the CNA and nurse if they read my BASICS MEMO.  Knowing they did as this was my first assignment to my staff, there really is no excuse they can give me for being noncompliant. It takes away the excuses.  ”I didn’t know…” no longer applies.

I encourage you to do the same – take away the excuses.  Give your staff a tool that lets them know plainly in black and white exactly what you want to see everyday on your halls.  If your staff members follow the BASICS MEMO, if they put the BASICS in place – you’ll have a great survey!

How To Get Your Free Copy:

To claim your free copy of the BASICS Memo, simply register in the GET YOUR FREE BASICS MEMO HERE Box in the right sidebar.  This is the same document I use daily in my facilities.  Feel free to edit and customize it for use in your facility as well.

Once implemented, I’d love to hear how well it helped you!

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"Won't you protect me?"

Today, we’ll talk about hypersexuality of the nursing home resident when there is no 2 –party consent for sexual advances, and what to do to manage this behavior.

In the nursing home industry, you’ll run across it sooner or later.  A little male resident who goes from female resident to female resident attempting to touch, kiss, and grope them inappropriately.  He disrobes in public… or worse.  He tries to go into their rooms.  He is sneaky and waits until staff are busy and no one is visible in the area.  He preys on the most vulnerable of our residents – the ones who are confused, demented, and who usually can’t report the incident.  He may also get brave and begin this behavior with your staff as they are attempting to shower or dress the resident.  This can set you up for worlds of trouble.

What we must do is stop the inappropriate behavior and safeguard our residents as well as our staff.  There is no sweeping this under the rug hoping it will go away!

If not, not only do we put our residents and staff at risk for sexual abuse, you almost definitely set yourself and your facility up for an immediate jeopardy tag(s).

You need to evaluate the initial inappropriate behavior by the resident and address it immediately.  If not, it only gets worse.  Some residents start off with trying to grope the CNAs.  You must educate your CNAs to report this sexual aggression and you must take interventions at that time.

We have to attempt to find the source of the behavior.  Is there a new medication the resident is taking?  Is it related to the patient’s dementia?  Is there a history of sexual abuse or sexual inappropriate behavior? Is there a UTI or psychiatric disorder?  Does the resident have delusions?

Is it actually sexual behavior?  For example, removing clothes or inappropriately touching the staff when hugged or assisted with baths may not necessarily be sexual aggression.  It could be disorientation or confusion on what is actually going on related to their dementia.  If the resident has targeted one specific female, it may very well be likely that he is confusing that resident/staff member with a spouse or significant other.

Obviously, we would attempt non-pharmocological interventions at first to redirect the resident but we’d also consider a medication regimen if unsuccessful.  Collaboration with appropriate mental health professionals can produce excellent non-pharmocological interventions.

A cognitive screen and lab work-ups should be completed for the resident.  Labs may include a blood glucose level, BUN, CBC, PSA, LH, Testosterone level, urinalysis, and liver function.  For aggressive hypersexualism, you should make use of your resources.  Keep your primary physician and medical director in the know.  Bring in your pharmacy consultant for medication review.  Bring in mental health professionals for geri-psyche as appropriate.  Room changes, frequent or even temporary 1-to-1 monitoring may be necessary to manage the behavior.  The family should be kept in the loop and they’re also a source for historical information on the resident to see if these behaviors have occurred in the past.  Staff education is a necessity and must be ongoing.

No medication, as far as I know, is currently approved for the treatment of sexually inappropriate behavior.  That being said, there are a number of medications that are commonly used for the purpose of managing these behaviors (or at least allowing the drug’s side effects to kick in effectively reducing sexual desire).  Let me tell you, it is usually a game of trial and error.  The local primary physician may not be well-versed with hypersexuality in long term care, so it is of utmost importance to make sure they are discussing options with your pharmacist and mental health provider.  Many times, it may take a combination drug therapy approach to effectively reduce or eliminate the undesirable behavior.

Common types of drugs used for the management of hypersexuality and sexual inappropriate behaviors in the long term care setting:

  • Chols (cholinesterase inhibitors) – may decrease libido, may help cognitive and behavioral issues – examples –  Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne
  • SSRIs – may decrease libido and offer better impulse control – Celexa, Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac, Androcur
  • Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics – (limited usefulness) may help calm aggressive behaviors – Risperdal, Lithium, Depakote
  • Antiandrogen agents – may decrease sexual aggression and misbehavior in men as well as decrease fantasies and urges – Provera, Depo-Provera
  • Leuprolide/LHRH agonists – may inhibit gonadotropin release and suppress testosterone production – Lupron, Zoladex
  • Estradiol – may increase estrogen levels and decrease sexual behavior.
  • Cimetidine (Tagamet) – may decrease hypersexual behaviors.

I am not a physician, nor a pharmacist.  I am not advising you to use any of the drugs listed above for your residents or for the treatment of any disease or condition.  However, one needs to know what options are available when attempting to manage the sexually inappropriate and sexually aggressive  resident in the LTC setting.

Every drug has side effects that must be monitored and many of the ones listed must have labs ordered with them.  Depo-Provera is a great drug for use with these behaviors, but I have seen residents swell after a few months on it.  There are also ethical considerations of altering the balance of a resident’s hormones for the purpose of behavior management.  Choose wisely, keep the family and physician in close conversation.  Update the care plans and monitor the resident closely for effectiveness of the drug as an intervention and for potential drug side effects.

Even with a combination of these drugs in place, it still may be impossible to manage the resident’s hypersexual behavior.  Don’t be afraid to utilize a short-stay geri-psyche facility or to discharge the resident altogether (to a safe environment).  I would much rather take a tag on inappropriate discharge than an IJ on sexual abuse in the facility.

I would love to hear your opinion on this and if you’ve had success with other measures.

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Today, we have a guest post from our friend Daniel over at Cherry Hill Adult Family Home.  The point of view is from an assisted living perspective, but we can find many similarities in the NH industry.  You can see Daniel’s Assisted Living Blog HERE.

You’ve done your background checks, screenings, and interview and have selected a new caregiver to start training in your assisted living facility. Although you’ve done everything in your power to setup a good training program and select a good caregiver candidate, there are 4 common problems that can come up and bring havoc to the caregiver’s training. These four problems include: Information overload, lack of a mentor, an area a caregiver just can get right, and lack of information reiteration.

The first problem we commonly see come up during training is information overload. Caregivers have a lot of responsibilities. Often times, they cook, clean, run errands, and provide social activities for residents. When a caregiver first arrives at your assisted living facility for training, they can become bogged down with too much information. This often leads to them forgetting simple tasks that need to be done, and their training not being as complete as it should be. The simply solution for this is to spread your caregiver’s training out over the course of a long period of time. Each day is set a side for a new skill or process the caregiver must learn.

The second problem we often see is the lack of a mentor. Anybody in a new job position needs a mentor, someone who has been there longer and knows the ropes. Not having a mentor leads to them making mistakes that could easily have been avoided. The simple solution for this is to allow your new caregiver a day or two to “job shadow” an experienced caregiver.

The third issue is that we often get a new caregiver who just can’t quite get one area of their job right. As we already mentioned, caregivers have a lot of tasks that are expected of them. There might be one or two they are not proficient at. The way around this is to devote extra time for their training in that area, and have them train with one of your staff who are very good in the area.

The final common problem is lack of information reiteration. It is said that humans need to hear something at least 10 times til they understand it. If that is the case, then caregivers must be showed something multiple times. The best way to do this is ask them multiple questions on the same topic throughout their training.

Caregiver training can be a tough process. To get more tips on elderly care, be sure to visit Adult Family Home.

Thanks,

Daniel

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Every facility at one point or another will have to come to terms with the expression of sexuality by their residents.  This creates a ton of confusion with the staff, administration, corporate, families, ombudsman, and surveyors. To tell you the truth, it can be very confusing if you’ve never had to deal with it before or had no one to teach you.  That was the case for me, as well.  So, after having dealt with a few of these situations, I can now offer you some guidance so you don’t pull your hair out wondering if you did the right thing.

At one particularly confused facility, I had two residents who had developed a fondness for each other and seemed to want alone time together.  At least that’s what the male resident who could make his own decisions said, even though his family was mortified at Dad doing that kind of thing.  His chosen mate, unfortunately, could not make decisions very well and was frequently confused.  When I inherited this facility, I found out the staff had been allowing the residents to have sex per the direction of the Ombudsman (who was watching out for those residents’ rights! :roll: ) and the confused female resident’s daughter who stated, “My Momma can have sex if she wants to…”

Hit the brakes!  Oh, no she can’t!  Not in my building if she can’t give consent.  Finding out this little bit of information gave me a headache and a few heart palpitations.  Let’s go through a couple of points to consider here.

  1. The major determining factor of whether to allow these two residents to have sexual interaction lies with the ability of both residents to give consent.
  2. It doesn’t matter whether the confused female’s daughter has a POA, guardianship, conservatorship, or anything else.  The resident is in the care of the nursing home.  True – when a resident is unable to make their own decisions, the resident’s rights are transferred to the Responsible Party or to an individual directed by a court.  However, this does not include the ability to violate their human rights.  Human rights remain with the resident.  A responsible party cannot direct for a resident to have sexual intercourse or be subjected to any form of such interaction any more than they can direct for the resident to receive a high dose of insulin when the resident is not even diabetic.
  3. An Ombudsman has no authority to direct anything in this situation.  (This was a particularly bad Ombudsman).  However, if the Ombudsman feels like the resident’s rights are being violated, they must report this to the State.  So, you need a protocol in place to shut down any potential deficiencies.

First and foremost, you should have some type of sexuality assessment tool in place to determine the resident’s ability to give consent.  Here is a generic one (click here) that borrows a bit from Lichtenberg & Strzepek, 1990, Lichtenberg, 1997, and an old Pro-Ed form I got from a colleague in 2001.  Feel free to modify and individualize it for your own facility.

As you can see, there are many points to consider in order to make a determination of the ability to give consent. Use an assessment.  Review the results with the IDT team, family, and physician.  There may need to be some ongoing education and reminders for the resident to ensure their continued understanding and safety.  Or, they simply may not pass at all.  Update the care plan with the sexuality assessment and ongoing plan.

I had a female resident at one facility whose former profession was prostitution.  She was moderately confused at times, but still had enough about her to select a male suitor to fancy.  The problem, other than her unpredictable state of mind, was that she had syphilis.  And, the particular resident she selected to be her fellow had HIV.  What a bad combination.  Of course, neither knew about the other’s condition and I couldn’t tell them due to HIPAA.  So, I had to develop a sexuality assessment for the facility which included risk of STDs.  He passed fine.  She didn’t.  I then had a long talk with both residents individually.  In my conversation with the male resident, I might have thrown in a few hypothetical situations that would help persuade a man not to pursue a woman. :-)    Right or wrong, it worked.  He stayed his distance from her and we didn’t have any problems.

Stay tuned for Part 2 where we’ll discuss behavior management for aggressive hypersexual residents when there is no consent for sexual interaction.

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